Barely Significant

A field guide to the near-miss p-value

Ways to say not significant without saying not significant.

When a p-value lands just past 0.05, the result does not change but the prose does. This is a catalogue of that prose: 411 distinct phrases, found and quoted in 460,334 open-access papers, each one shown in the sentence its authors actually published.

514,635
sentences quoted
from 460,334 papers
411
distinct phrasings
318 confirmed specimens
0.050
median reported p-value
1.0× alpha
8,873
journals
1843–2026

One at random

another →

The wall at 0.05

Every reported p-value in the corpus, in bins of 0.01. Nothing about the statistics changes as the line is crossed. Everything about the writing does.

How the corpus lands

actually significant · 15.8%so close (0.05–0.1) · 11.9%not close (p > 0.1) · 1.2%missing decimal point · 0.0%not a probability · 0.2%no p reported · 70.9%

Most-used phrasings

all phrases →
PhraseSentencesMedian pWorst offender
highly significant132,1430.0011.000
did not reach statistical significance111,0280.0450.050
an increasing trend63,9720.0500.996
showed a trend53,3230.0701.000
a decreasing trend47,1810.0501.000
marginally significant26,0830.0601.000
a clear trend19,4610.0570.990
may be significant13,0980.0500.500
borderline significant11,4100.0561.000
a positive trend11,0060.0610.922