Multi-location trials and population-based genotyping reveal high diversity and adaptation to breeding environments in a large collection of red clover.

A weak trend of Northern European accessions for later flowering and lower vigor in Y1 was observed ( Figure 8 ). 3.2.4 Breeding material and cultivars adapted to local environmental conditions To find signs of local adaptation in red clover breeding materials, the performance of accessions belonging to the type ‘breeding material’ or ‘cultivar’ and grouped by their geographic origin, were compared in the different trial locations across Europe ( Figure 9 ).

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