Exercise improves depression through positive modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A review based on 100 manuscripts over 20 years.

It appears that the methodology of collecting and measuring BDNF is exceedingly significant to the conclusions that could be drawn as serum BDNF levels could be 25 to 120 times higher than plasma, making a side-by-side comparison very challenging. 6 Conclusion The aim of this extensive review was to explore the relevant neurobiology and the association between peripheral levels of BDNF and acute and short to long-term exercise regimes, as well as its relationship to depression and antidepressant treatment.

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