Bacterial lipopolysaccharide with different administration routes affects intestinal mucosal morphological, immunological, and microbial barrier functions in goslings.

Poult Sci · 2023 · PMC10033283 · PMID 36940655

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0100

closest p · 0.2× alpha

0.0740

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantP < 0.01actually significant

Compared with the control (0 mg/kg), LPS injection at 4 and 8 mg/kg increased plasma LPS concentrations ( P < 0.05), and the difference between the control and the 8 mg/kg LPS treatment was highly significant ( P < 0.01).

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a decreasing trendP = 0.074so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Further, the sIgA concentration of ileum mucosa in the HN8 group showed a decreasing trend, compared to that in the control group ( P = 0.074).

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

The average abundance of Muribaculaceae showed an increasing trend with increasing LPS levels, and that of the genus Bacteroides decreased, compared with the control group.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.