Analysis of the impact of expressway construction on soil moisture in road areas.

The calculation formula is specified as follows [ 43 ]: (7) θ = n × ∑ i = 1 n ( i × V S W I i ) − ∑ i = 1 n i ∑ i = 1 n V S W I i n × ∑ i = 1 n i 2 − ( ∑ i = 1 n i ) 2 where θ is the slope of the regression trend, and its value is positive when it indicates an increasing trend of VSWI during the study period, and vice versa; n is the time span, which is 12 in this study; and i = 1, 2, ..., 12 corresponds to 2005, 2006, ..., 2016, respectively, denoting the VSWI value in year i. 2.4.2.

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When the slope of the regression trend has a positive value, it indicates that the VSWI has an increasing trend during the study period, and vice versa, a decreasing trend.

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