Negative effects of urbanization on plants: A global meta-analysis.

Other studies reported a decreasing trend (Jha et al., 2019 ; Rija et al., 2014 ; Riley et al., 2018 ; Schwoertzig et al., 2016 ).

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Some studies indicated that urbanization reduced plant richness, with an increasing trend along urban–rural gradients (Kolbe et al., 2016 ; McKinney, 2002 ).

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