3D-printed scaffolds with 2D hetero-nanostructures and immunomodulatory cytokines provide pro-healing microenvironment for enhanced bone regeneration.

Bioact Mater · 2023 · PMC10130629 · PMID 37122896

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Quantitative analysis of iNOS + cell ratio showed a decreased trend for M1 phenotypes for macrophages cultured with 3D-Scaf-GO-Immuno and 3D-Scaf-GOBP-Immuno scaffolds, while the quantification of CD206 + cell ratio showed an increasing trend for M2 phenotypes for macrophages cultured on these two types of scaffolds.

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