Use of a Mobile Biofeedback App to Provide Health Coaching for Stress Self-management: Pilot Quasi-Experiment.

JMIR Form Res · 2023 · PMC10131670 · PMID 36952560

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

A negative Spearman correlation coefficient corresponds to a decreasing trend and a positive coefficient indicates an increasing trend.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Real-time heart rate was measured by the smartwatch and displayed on the smartwatch or smartphone screen along with a directional arrow to indicate an increasing trend (up arrow) or decreasing trend (down arrow) in heart rate.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.