Vitamin D Determinants, Status, and Antioxidant/Anti-inflammatory-Related Effects in Cardiovascular Risk and Disease: Not the Last Word in the Controversy.

In a meta-analysis of 24 prospective studies (22 cohort, two nested case-control; 65,994 participants, of whom 6123 CVD cases; years 1966–February 2012), Wang and co-authors (2012) reported a strong, highly significant, inverse association between low circulating 25(OH)D (range of 20–60 nmol/L) and increased risk of CVD events, estimating a pooled relative risk (RR) of 1.52 (95% confidence interval—95% CI: 1.30–1.77).

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