highly significantp < 0.05
The VOP 3 and VOP 4 fermented smoothies had a highly significant ( p < 0.05) reduction in TPC at 48 h at 19.7% and 15.25%, respectively ( Table 4 ), whilst there was an 11.11% reduction in the TPC of the VOP 1 smoothie after 48 h of fermentation ( Table 4 ).