Preloading with drugs before entry to the nighttime entertainment district: presentation, intoxication rates, and effects of police presence during assessment.

This was highly significant but represented only 0.55% of explained variance ( χ 2 ( df = 1, n = 4723) = 25.60, p < 0.0001, φ = 0.074).

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Although we acknowledge the design imbalance (as well as the age of the data) as limiting factors, we contend that the following should also be acknowledged: (a) Drug use has shown to be common and extensive among this population; (b) both drug use and preloading, respectively, are strong predictors of harm; (c) there is a paucity of research linking these two concepts together (this being the first study seeking to fully understand this phenomenon specifically in this context); (d) preloading-related concerns only appear to be worsening (i.e., there is an increasing trend in people engaging in this practice; people are entering NEDs later, they are more intoxicated when they arrive, and now it has been demonstrated that people are also preloading with drugs as well as alcohol) since the introduction of legislative change in Queensland, Australia [ 14 , 15 ]; and (e) the challenges associated with the collection of drug-related data in field research are well documented, so transparently sharing ones’ successes and failures is pertinent to minimizing potential sources of error in epidemiological research [ 23 ].

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