highly significantP < 0.001
All parameters showed highly significant changes during the study (repeated-measures ANOVA, P < 0.001, except MAP, P < 0.01).
All parameters showed highly significant changes during the study (repeated-measures ANOVA, P < 0.001, except MAP, P < 0.01).
SAV, MAP, P msa , Eh, dVR, and VR (but not CVP) decreased after the induction of anaesthesia but then showed an increasing trend.