More management is needed to improve the effectiveness of artificial grassland in vegetation and soil restoration on the three-river headwaters region of China.

Moreover, the direct effects of plant community diversity on soil nutrients were positive among four types of plant community grasslands (path coefficient = 0.17, 0.23, 0.48 and 0.71 resp., Figures 4I–L ), in which the effect was highly significant (P values ≤ 0.001, Figure 4L ) in the KM and marginal in EG ( Figure 4I ).

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