Literacy acquisition facilitates inversion effects for faces with full-, low-, and high-spatial frequency: evidence from illiterate and literate adults.

Front Psychol · 2023 · PMC10164973 · PMID 37168431

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hedged sentence

0.0570

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0570

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp = 0.057so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Separate analyses for the two kinds of Spatial Frequency revealed that the difference between illiterates (1,027 ms) and literates (1,295 ms) was marginally significant for high-spatial-frequency faces, t (20) = −2.02, p = 0.057, d = 0.90, but significant distinction between illiterates (973 ms) and literates (956 ms) for low-spatial-frequency faces was not reached, t (20) = 0.177, p = 0.861, d = 0.08.

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