Subjective experience, self-efficacy, and motivation of professional football referees during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Humanit Soc Sci Commun · 2023 · PMC10166025 · PMID 37192951

Europe PMC DOI

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highly significantno p-value reported

1b , all three items on intrinsic motivation showed a statistically highly significant difference between regular games and ghost games, with ghost games eliciting less intrinsic motivation.

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