Synthesis of Castor Oil-Based Quaternary Ammonium Salt and Modification of Attapulgite for Treating Industrial Wastewaters.

When n(CO): n(DM) was in the range of 1:3–1:5, COQS yield showed an increasing trend with the increase of n(DM) ( Figure 2 c), and when n(CO): n(DM) was in the range of 1:5–1:8, too much DM will interfere with the catalytic performance of the catalyst, leading to a significant decrease in COQS yield.

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