an increasing trendp = 0.0190
The seasonal Mann-Kendall test revealed an increasing trend (although with a small slope value) in Changjiang River discharge ( n = 732, R 2 = 0.002, p = 0.0190) during the past several decades (see the blue line in Fig. 2 a), probably corresponding to combined effects of climate change, land-use management change, and ongoing vegetation greening over the river basin (Piao et al. 2015 ; Chen et al. 2019a ).