Human fasting modulates macrophage function and upregulates multiple bioactive metabolites that extend lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans: a pilot clinical study.

Remarkably, we found a highly significant decrease in proinflammatory TNF-α secretion from primary human macrophage treated with fasted plasma compared with that from primary human macrophage treated with baseline and fed plasma during stimulation with cFb ICs (677 ± 232 vs. 964 ± 304 pg/mL, P = 0.0003, vs. 1626 ± 371 pg/mL, P < 0.0001), and this effect carried over to the re-fed state compared with that in the fed state (1313 ± 352 vs. 1626 ± 371 pg/mL, P = 0.0004) (see Figure 2 D).

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