Genome-wide association study presents insights into the genetic architecture of drought tolerance in maize seedlings under field water-deficit conditions.

Additionally, the interaction between genotype and environment (G × E) and environmental variance were also highly significant (P< 0.01) across all environments analyzed ( Zhang et al., 2022 ). 2.2 Population structure, kinship, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) We obtained high-quality datasets after filtering, and the average missing rates were 0.073, 0.069, and 0.070 for SNPs from DArT, GBS and the combination of GBS and DArT (GBS - DArT) ( Table 1 ).

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