Association of Country Income Level With the Characteristics and Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients Hospitalized With Acute Kidney Injury and COVID-19.

clearly illustrate this inverse relationship between AKI-associated mortality and gross national income per capita suggesting there may be significant, but often underreported, differences in health care delivery that account for these findings. 10 At present, of the 12 nations with the highest burden of COVID-19 related deaths, 8 are middle or low-income countries. 38 The infection fatality rate is estimated to be 2.7 times higher in the general population and up to 5.4 times higher among people between the ages of 60 and 80 years in these countries. 8 , 38 In this context, our finding of income level, particularly LLMIC, being an independent predictor of death is not surprising.

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