Synthesis, characterization and performance of lignin carboxyl betaine zwitterionic surfactants for application in enhanced oil recovery.

RSC Adv · 2023 · PMC10230517 · PMID 37266503

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an overall trendno p-value reported

As an overall trend, the oil–water IFT values for the three lignin carboxyl betaines decreased and then increased as the temperature increased within the experimental temperature range, and the ultra-low IFT values were achieved at the temperatures ranging from 50 °C to 90 °C.

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