Ageing and non-liver comorbidities in population with chronic hepatitis B infection in the western pacific region from 1990 to 2019.

As a low-HBV-endemicity area, Australia had crude and age-standardised HBV prevalence of less than 3%, and they showed a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2019 ( Figure 1A ).

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In countries with younger populations, such as Laos, the differences in NCD prevalence between the HBV-infected population and the general population were relatively small, but they showed an increasing trend over the past 10 years ( Figure 2 ).

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