Attaining stochastic optimal control over debt ratios in U.S. markets

Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting · 2023 · PMC10249939

Europe PMC

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

For the private sector, the real disposable personal income change rate series shows a decreasing trend after 2000, especially after the 2007 crisis.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

For the public sector, the GDP growth rate demonstrates an increasing trend after 2000, but a trough develops during the crisis in 2007.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.