highly significantP < 0.01
The CKD group treated with vehicle (rats 4–8) had no elevation in serum creatinine during the first 3 days of the study, but showed a highly significant increase on days 5 and 6 of the study, with day 6 having an over five-fold increase above baseline (0.95±0.12 mg/dl vs 5.4±0.80 mg/dl, P < 0.01).