Direct, indirect, and vicarious nature experiences collectively predict preadolescents' self-reported nature connectedness and conservation behaviors.

Although affective storytelling and arresting aesthetics remain central ( Somerville et al., 2021 ), there is an apparent trend toward more explicit conversations around biodiversity loss and anthropogenic causes of ecological change ( Aitchison, Aitchison & Devas, 2021 ).

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However, there is also evidence suggesting an increasing trend for direct interactions with some flora and fauna groups ( Imai, Nakashizuka & Kohsaka, 2019 ), gardens, and forests across time.

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