Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 expression is associated with symptom severity in patients with PTSD in a sex-dependent manner.

The model had acceptable fit indices (Table 2 , 2ii ), and explained a relatively high proportion of total PTSD symptom variation (R 2 = 26%), which was due to the highly significant association between chronic stress load and PTSD symptoms (β = 0.51, p < 0.001) (see Supplementary Table S4 for further information on direct and indirect effects).

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This difference was driven by a sex-dependent effect of trauma exposure, which was associated with an increase of MECP2 expression selectively in men ( p = 0.009 for non-traumatized vs traumatized men after post hoc comparisons on an almost significant sex*trauma interaction: F 1,124 = 3.79, p = 0.054, η p 2 = 0.03; Fig. 1A ) without affecting women.

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