Dissociating cognitive and affective empathy across psychopathy dimensions: The role of interoception and alexithymia.

In the retained path model for classical psychopathy factors ( Figure 1B - Model 2B), there were still two distinct empathy profiles for primary psychopathy (significant affective impairment, β = −0.255, p < 0.001, and marginally significant cognitive empathy deficits, β = −0.125, p = 0.013) and secondary psychopathy (negative association with cognitive empathy, β = −0.209, p < 0.001 and positive relation with the affective domain, β = 0.111, p = 0.006), although alexithymia was positively related to both factors (β = 0.128, p = 0.005 and β = 0.402, p < 0.001, respectively).

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Primary psychopathy was associated with a broader empathy impairment as expected (cognitive empathy nearing significance), while secondary psychopathy was linked to reduced cognitive empathy and, unexpectedly, to enhanced affective empathy.

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