Association of sociocultural stressors with bipolar disorder onset in Puerto Rican youth growing up as members of a minoritized ethnic group: results from the Boricua Youth Longitudinal Study.

In the fully adjusted Model 5, caregiver-reported societal cultural stress was the only stressor independently associated with a higher hazard of lifetime BD onset (HR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.18–3.89), while the effect of marijuana use was near significance (HR, 1.90, 95% CI, 1.00–3.63, p, 0.051).

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