highly significantp < 0.001
The PLS-DA-based analysis demonstrated a good predictive (Q 2 > 0.5), highly significant ( p < 0.001) and highly sensitive and specific (> 99%) prediction model to discriminate between patients with unfavorable and favorable outcomes using a serum metabolic biosignature on day 4 obtained by DI/LC–MS/MS (Table 3 and Fig. 2 ).