Community Empowerment Assessment and Community Nursing Diagnosis for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in the Northern Region of the Portuguese Atlantic Coast: A Mixed-Methods Study Using MAIEC Framework.

Although top-down (government-based) interventions have been mostly used since 2008 (such as deep decarbonization plans in cities), Community Intervention Management Models of empowerment and resilience are now enhancing these processes by recommending bottom-up—local participation—interventions (such as local institutions, which usually are more focused on the GHG impact on the population), acknowledging qualitative data as highly significant by involving both experts and nonexperts who can easily recognise local meanings of resilience and circumstances in each community [ 11 ].

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