Generalizability of machine learning methods in detecting adverse drug events from clinical narratives in electronic medical records.

1 Introduction Adverse drug events (ADEs) are unintended harmful effects of taking medication ( Hohl et al., 2018 ), which is a leading cause of death in the United States ( Classen et al., 1997 ; Binkheder et al., 2022 ) and responsible for the hospitalization of 9,440,757 patients from 2008 to 2011, with an increasing trend over time ( Poudel et al., 2017 ).

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