Associations between Smoking Status and Health-Related Physical Fitness and Balance Ability among Older Males in Taiwan.

A similar study showed that current smoking decreased the participants’ repetitions of sit-ups in 30–60 s and an almost significant reduction in 30-s sit-to-stand performance (16.8 repetitions vs. 19.6 repetitions, p > 0.05) when compared with middle-aged and older-aged men who never smoked, but no difference was observed in grip strength performance [ 5 , 21 ].

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