The influence of bilingualism on gray matter volume in the course of aging: a longitudinal study.

Analyses for SA For the left IFG, later AoA was associated with higher SA at both time points in bilinguals of the total sample (for t1 only showing a tendency toward significance: unstandardized coefficient B = 3.118; standard error = 1.597; p = 0.054; t2: unstandardized coefficient B = 3.654; standard error = 1.607; p = 0.025) as well as in bilinguals of the older subsample (t1: unstandardized coefficient B = 4.152; standard error = 1.897; p = 0.032; t2: unstandardized coefficient B = 4.905; standard error = 1.861; p = 0.011).

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When investigating the influence of linguistic distance on GMV, there was a trend toward significance for the association between second language naming performance and GMV in the left IPL only for Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals, which was interpreted as possible evidence for increased control demands in bilinguals who speak typologically close languages ( Abutalebi et al., 2015 ).

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