s-copyright no pmc-prop-is-real-version no pmc-prop-is-scanned-article no pmc-prop-preprint no pmc-prop-in-epmc yes pmc-license-ref CC BY issue-copyright-statement © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023 Introduction The research’s interest in cognitive authentication has shown an increasing trend in recent years where it utilizes the cognitive state of individuals as the primary basis for authentication.
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