Prevalence of Chronic Pain After Spinal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Cureus · 2023 · PMC10423077 · PMID 37575867

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highly significantno p-value reported

The Cochran’s Q value (Q=490.57, dff=15, P<.0001) and I2 value (96.94%) were significant, indicating highly significant heterogeneity among the 16 studies.

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