It appears that, apart from 2% and 4% MWIFA fillers, there is an increasing trend for OBC, but no such trend was observed for SD fillers.
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Medical Waste Incineration Fly Ash as a Mineral Filler in Dense Bituminous Course in Flexible Pavements.
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Previous studies found a decreasing trend of %VMA values to the increasing bitumen contents in paving mixtures with various fly ashes and SD as mineral fillers [ 15 , 61 , 62 , 64 ]. 3.6.