highly significantp < 0.0001
As r -equivalent and r -contrast ( Rosenthal & Rubin, 2003 ) can overestimate true population effect size ( Dunlap, Cortina, Vaslow, & Burke, 1996 ; Lakens, 2013 ), and not all studies reported sufficient information to recover sample or population standard deviations, we also computed a simple and conservative vote count test, which shows the obvious fact displayed in Figure 2 , that there is a highly significant overall serial dependence effect ( X 2 (1) = 20.8, p < 0.0001).