The pelagic food web of the Western Adriatic Sea: a focus on the role of small pelagics.

Sprats mostly fed on small copepods ( Microcalanus sp., Calanus sp., and Acartia clausi ) and cladocerans (Table S2 a), and changes in the diet according to size were just below the level of significance ( pseudo-F 1,56 = 2.29, p = 0.04).

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On the other hand, in anchovy, the δ 15 N and δ 13 C content was mostly controlled by environmental variables such as salinity and temperature, and the species showed an increasing trend in the abundance in the last 40 years in the Northern-central Adriatic Sea 8 .

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Since sardine and sprat showed a decreasing trend in their abundances across the last 40 years, which could be influenced also by resource availability, a regular monitoring of their resources (i.e., mesozooplankton) should have been done consistently for a correct management of such resources within the ecosystem approach to fisheries.

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