Cross-sectional associations between short and mid-term blood pressure variability, cognition, and vascular stiffness in older adults.

Extreme dippers had a lower pulsatility index compared to dippers but just failed to reach statistical significance with the adjusted alpha value in Model 2 and 3 (p= 0.018) (see supplement Table S8 for non-significant associations with dipping patterns).

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Systolic BP usually rises with age, whilst diastolic BP shows an increasing trend in middle-age but then a fall in later life (≥60), which can be linked back to age-related arterial stiffening [ 18 , 31 ].

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