Multi-isotope analysis of bone collagen of Late Pleistocene ungulates reveals niche partitioning and behavioural plasticity of reindeer during MIS 3.

In the other levels differences in variability between species were not significant (USO4 upper: F = 0.71, P = 0.507; U04 lower: F = 2.35, P = 0.113; USO6: F = 1.97, P = 0.182), or close to significance (USO2: F = 2.99, P = 0.077), and post-hoc Tukey’s HSD only revealed significant differences in variability in δ 34 S between Rangifer and Equus in Level USO2.

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There is a significant quadratic effect for the δ 15 N of Equus (age 2 : β = 0.09, SE = 0.034, 95% CI [0.02:0.16], Table S7 ) and almost significant effect for Rangifer (age 2 : β = 0.04, SE = 0.021, 95% CI [0.00:0.08], Table S8 ) in the intermediate levels of the site with the lowest overall δ 15 N exhibited in horses in US04 lower, corresponding with the Heinrich 4 event at the site.

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