Microsporidia MB in the primary malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is avirulent and undergoes maternal and horizontal transmission.

For instance, females infected with Microsporidia MB and non-infected females laid an equivalent number of eggs, and the larvae infected with Microsporidia MB had a marginally significant faster mean development time.

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These findings are highly significant since An. gambiae s.l. is the main malaria vector in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa [ 13 – 15 ].

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