Gender differences and climate zones in overweight and obesity prevalence in European elementary school children from 2000 to 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Front Public Health · 2023 · PMC10558048 · PMID 37808999

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a positive trendno p-value reported

That rise only continued the alarming state of the hot and warm zones which also showed a positive trend of 1.49% and 1.37% for girls and boys, respectively.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

West region showed a decreasing trend for both genders, possibly because those countries have the highest income of all European countries ( 153 ), more awareness among officials regarding global warming and obesity problems and therefore projects for preventing them in the form of diet programs ( 154 ) and stricter physical activity regimes in schools ( 155 ).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.