In contrast, retrospective studies conducted in the USA (in 2012–2018 and 2013–2017) [ 44 , 45 ] and in central Italy (in 2015–2020) [ 41 ] showed an increasing trend in the prevalence of hookworm infections (2.02–2.96%, 1.17–2.77%, and 6.8–16.5%) over their study periods.
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Epidemiological and molecular updates on hookworm species in dogs from southern Italy.
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