Neoadjuvant intensity modulated radiotherapy for a single and small (≤5 cm) hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma predicted to have high risks of microvascular invasion: a randomized clinical trial.

Nevertheless, our data showed a concordant trend in response to RT and a better DFS approaching a marginal significance, leading to the possibility of using alternative RT regimens or combining RT with systemic drugs such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, to further improve the objective response rate of neoadjuvant therapy and postoperative long-term survival outcomes in patients with early-stage HCC.

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