Hedges, mottes, and baileys: Causally ambiguous statistical language can increase perceived study quality and policy relevance.

PLoS One · 2023 · PMC10602341 · PMID 37883517

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hedged sentence

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closest p

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boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantno p-value reported

Table 4 indicates that results for the key parameter estimate, “causally ambiguous statistical language”, were quite similar and highly significant across the four models.

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