The Impact of Culture-, Health- and Nature-Based Engagement on Mitigating the Adverse Effects of Public Health Restrictions on Wellbeing, Social Connectedness and Loneliness during COVID-19: Quantitative Evidence from a Smaller- and Larger-Scale UK Survey.

Int J Environ Res Public Health · 2023 · PMC10606618 · PMID 37887681

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hedged sentences

0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.0700

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

A repeated measures ANOVA of the wellbeing items (active; alert; excited; enthusiastic; happy; inspired) showed highly significant differences between the items, F(5,1555) = 52.68, p < 0.001; Bonferroni t -tests showed that the item ‘excited’ was significantly lower than the other five items, t(311) = 8.70, p < 0.001 for the smallest difference ( Figure 1 ).

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close to significancep < 0.07so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

A Spearman correlation of numbers of respondents in each age range from both surveys showed a weaker positive correlation that came close to significance; rho = 0.613, p < 0.07, one-tailed.

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