Effectiveness of Tap Water in Reducing the Generation of Ultrafine Wear Particles from the Wheel-Rail Contact by Eliminating the Water Vapor Effect.

Toxics · 2023 · PMC10611177 · PMID 37888723

Europe PMC DOI

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

In both contact conditions, the ACs exhibited a decreasing trend after reaching its the maximum value.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Under dry conditions, at a train velocity of 45 km/h, the NC of ultrafine, fine, and total particles showed an increasing trend with the slip rate.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.