The Longitudinal Mediating Effect of Smartphone Dependency on the Relationship between Exercise Time and Subjective Happiness in Adolescents.

Healthcare (Basel) · 2023 · PMC10671334 · PMID 37998489

Europe PMC DOI

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Additionally, the subjective happiness level, initially at 3.13 during wave 1, displayed a decreasing trend as students progressed to 3.06 at the highest grade.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Latent growth modeling results revealed a significant linear decrease in adolescents’ exercise time and subjective well-being each year, while smartphone dependency exhibited an increasing trend.

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