Forecasting the transportation energy demand with the help of optimization artificial neural network using an improved red fox optimizer (IRFO).

Heliyon · 2023 · PMC10682531 · PMID 38034779

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Based on the results obtained from these parameters, it can be concluded that energy demand for transportation based on the three effective factors of GDP, population, and vehicle quantity can have an increasing trend.

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