Towards a computational history of modernism in European literary history: Mapping the Inner Lives of Characters in the European Novel (1840-1920).

If we consider only canonical novels from the selected corpora, we can see a decreasing trend in the French and Portuguese data, while there is no trend for the German corpus and only small trends for the Spanish one. 11 Only in the English data do we see exactly the upwards trend we expected. 12 Confounding variables : The distribution of narrative devices is certainly not stable for the time period we are interested in, as writers developed innovative techniques that challenged “ill-fitting” ( Woolf, 2009 ) realist forms of literature and sought new ways of capturing the ever-elusive complexity of human character.

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